적절한 스테인레스 스틸 등급을 선택하는 것은 어려울 수 있습니다. 각 품종마다 기계적 특성이 다릅니다, 부식 저항, 그리고 사용. Understanding these distinctions is critical to choosing the appropriate material for your purposes.
Stainless steel is categorized into five main grades: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation-hardening. Each type varies in composition and strength, making them suitable for different applications such as construction, medical tools, and food processing. Knowing the differences in stainless steel grades ensures you choose the most efficient and cost-effective option for your project.
Let’s take a deeper look at the different grades of stainless steel, their qualities, and the ideal uses for each.
What Is Austenitic Stainless Steel?
The most common form of stainless steel is austenitic, which is noted for its superior corrosion resistance, high ductility, and nonmagnetic characteristics. It has a high concentration of chromium and nickel, which increases its durability and resistance to oxidation. This makes it the best option for food processing equipment, medical instruments, and kitchen appliances.
Austenitic stainless steels, such as 304 그리고 316, are extremely corrosion resistant and easy to weld. It is non-magnetic and has a high chromium and nickel content, making it perfect for food-grade stainless steel 316 applications, medical devices, and structural components. The fundamental difference between 304 그리고 316 stainless steel is their molybdenum content, ~와 함께 316 giving superior corrosion resistance.
Grades of Austenitic Stainless Steel:
- 등급 301 스테인레스 스틸: This grade is distinguished by its strong strength and modest corrosion resistance. It’s widely employed in structural applications, aviation parts, and industrial machines. Its ability to withstand high levels of work hardening makes it perfect for springs and automotive parts.
- 등급 302 스테인레스 스틸: This grade is similar to 304 스테인레스 스틸, but with a little greater carbon content, providing enhanced strength and hardness while maintaining good corrosion resistance. It’s often utilized in car trim, fasteners, and chemical processing equipment.
- 등급 303 스테인레스 스틸: Also known as a free-machining stainless steel, 303 includes sulfur, which improves machinability. It is commonly utilized in precision components such as screws, nuts, and gears, where simplicity of manufacture is critical.
- 등급 304 스테인레스 스틸: The most popular and adaptable stainless steel, composed of 18% chromium and 8% nickel. It has high corrosion resistance and is commonly used in cookware, pipes, and medical devices.
- 등급 309 스테인레스 스틸: This grade has higher heat resistance than 304 stainless steel and is utilized in furnace parts, 열교환 기, and boiler components.
- 등급 316 스테인레스 스틸: Which contains molybdenum, is extremely corrosion resistant, particularly against chlorides and seawater. It is the most popular material for food-grade stainless steel 316, maritime equipment, and pharmaceutical applications.
- 등급 317 스테인레스 스틸: Similar to 316 stainless steel but contains more molybdenum, providing even stronger corrosion resistance, making it perfect for chemical processing and maritime applications.
- 등급 321 스테인레스 스틸: This titanium-stabilized stainless steel resists carbide precipitation during welding, making it ideal for aerospace applications and heat exchangers.
- 등급 347 스테인레스 스틸: Niobium-stabilized, this grade is intended for high-temperature applications including power plants and exhaust systems.
When comparing 18-8 stainless steel vs 316, 18-8 stainless steel refers to grades such as 304 스테인레스 스틸, but 316 stainless steel contains molybdenum, making it ideal for marine and chemical applications.
What Is Ferritic Stainless Steel?
Ferritic stainless steel grades are magnetic, contain little or no nickel, and have a high chromium concentration, making them less expensive than austenitic grades. They are widely utilized in automobile parts, household appliances, and industrial pipelines because to their high corrosion resistance and oxidation stability.
Ferritic stainless steel, often known as 430 스테인레스 스틸, is a low-cost, magnetic stainless steel with a high chromium and low carbon content. It is widely used in domestic appliances, automobile exhaust systems, 그리고 1810 stainless steel flatware. Unlike austenitic grades, it has low weldability and ductility.
Grades of Ferritic Stainless Steel:
- 등급 405 스테인레스 스틸: Heat exchangers and turbine components are made of Grade 405 스테인레스 스틸, which is known for its excellent weldability.
- 등급 409 스테인레스 스틸: A common choice for vehicle exhaust systems due to its strong heat resistance and mild corrosion resistance.
- 등급 430 스테인레스 스틸: Commonly used in kitchen appliances and ornamental applications, 430 stainless steel is a low-cost choice with excellent corrosion resistance.
- 등급 444 스테인레스 스틸: Has better pitting resistance than 430 스테인레스 스틸, making it ideal for water heaters and roofs.
What Is Martensitic Stainless Steel?
Martensitic stainless steel grades have a greater carbon content, allowing them to be heat treated for increased hardness and strength. They are often utilized in surgical tools, cutlery, and turbine blades.
Martensitic stainless steel, often known as 410 스테인레스 스틸, is a high-strength alloy that may be toughened by heat treatment. It’s often utilized in surgical equipment, blades, and industrial parts. Although it has strong wear resistance, it is less corrosion resistant than austenitic grades.
Grades of Martensitic Stainless Steel:
- 등급 410 스테인레스 스틸: This all-purpose stainless steel is utilized in medical devices, fasteners, and cutlery.
- 등급 420 스테인레스 스틸: Known for its great toughness, is commonly used in surgical tools and blades.
- 등급 440 스테인레스 스틸: One of the toughest stainless steels, it is frequently used in high-quality blades and tools.
What Is Duplex Stainless Steel?
Duplex stainless steel grades combine the advantages of austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, providing high strength and excellent corrosion resistance.
Duplex stainless steel, such as 2205 스테인레스 스틸, is exceptionally strong and corrosion resistant. It is commonly used in chemical processing, 해외 플랫폼, and pipelines because of its resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
Grades of Duplex Stainless Steel:
- 등급 2205 스테인레스 스틸: The most commonly used duplex stainless steel, offering excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
- 등급 2507 스테인레스 스틸: Provides high strength and superior resistance to chloride corrosion, used in marine and oil refining applications.
What Is Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel?
Precipitation-hardening stainless steel grades attain exceptional strength by heat treatment while remaining corrosion resistant.
Precipitation-hardening stainless steel, such as 17-4 PH, is heated under regulated conditions to enhance hardness and corrosion resistance. It’s widely employed in aerospace, 자동차, and high-performance industries.
Grades of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel:
- Grade 17–4 Stainless steel: High strength and hardness; utilized in aviation components and medical devices.
- 등급 15-5 스테인레스 스틸: Improved toughness over 17-4, used in high-performance machinery.
Conclusion
Understanding stainless steel types and properties can help you choose the right material for your project. Before deciding on a stainless steel grade, consider its quality, 부식 저항, and strength.
